The Industrial Revolution: The Revolution That Changed the Face of the World

It is not possible to talk about the industrial revolution without addressing the agricultural revolution in the 18th century AD. The latter started from England and was characterized by several aspects, the most prominent of which was the adoption of new technologies in the agricultural field in addition to the phenomenon of fencing, as well as the use of mechanization. This contributed to the increase in agricultural production in England. With the increase in the number of inhabitants, cities have known large migrations of people towards them due to the use of mechanization. Which in turn led to the direction of the workforce towards the factories, and this led to the launch of the Industrial Revolution.

The exact start and end of the Industrial Revolution are still a matter of debate among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes. Eric Hobsbawm saw that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1880s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or the 1840s, while TS Ashton asserted that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830.

Rapid industrialization first began in Britain, beginning with machine spinning in the 1880s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production after 1800. Machine textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and the United States in the early nineteenth century, with the presence of important centers for textiles, iron and coal in Belgium and the United States and later textiles in France.

An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of early innovations of the Industrial Revolution, such as robotic spinning and weaving slowed, and their markets matured. Innovations developed late in the period, such as the increasing reliance on locomotives, steamboats, and steamships, hot iron smelting, and new technologies, such as the electric telegraph, which was widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth.

Rapid industrialization first began in Britain, beginning with machine spinning in the 1880s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production after 1800. Machine textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and the United States in the early nineteenth century, with the presence of important centers for textiles, iron and coal in Belgium and the United States and later textiles in France.

An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of early innovations of the Industrial Revolution, such as robotic spinning and weaving slowed, and their markets matured. Innovations developed late in the period, such as the increasing reliance on locomotives, steamboats, and steamships, hot iron smelting, and new technologies, such as the electric telegraph, which was widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, was not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth.

Rapid economic growth began to take place after 1870, as a result of a new set of innovations in the so-called Second Industrial Revolution. These innovations included new steel fabrication processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered plants.

Industrial spies helped in every development because other areas were much more advanced then Europe in manufacturing, for example, fast color dyes and heat-resistant dishes, fine weaving and spinning, or even metallurgy.

For example, designs were copied from imported textiles. And it was those cotton textiles that caught the imagination of consumers and filled pockets, first from the people who imported textiles from India and China, then the bold manufacturers who succeeded in copying lightweight, colourful and washable cotton clothing. But industrial production of cotton was also fraught with risks. The rate of business failure during the Industrial Revolution exceeded 50 per cent. Because of this, the experimental manufacturers have worked to keep labour costs as low as possible. One method was to use unpaid orphans from government, religious, or charitable institutions as labourers. At a time when people did not know much about steam-powered machines and their dangers, industrial accidents happened all the time, and children were often the victims, as they worked incredibly long hours and deaths were common.

The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history. Almost every aspect of daily life is affected in some way. In particular, average income and population are beginning to show unprecedented sustainable growth. Some economists have argued that the most important effect of the Industrial Revolution is that the standard of living for the general population in the Western world began to rise continuously for the first time in history, although others said that it did not begin to improve significantly until the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The industrial revolution had several consequences, especially on the social level, as the population of Europe increased dramatically due to the availability of medicine and lunch. Two new social classes emerged into existence, namely the toiling class of workers, which suffers from very miserable conditions due to poverty, and the bourgeois class that owns the means of production and exploits the working class, and as a result, the socialist ideology that defends the proletarian (working) class appeared. This culminated in the emergence of trade unions, which are workers' managers that we're able to achieve several gains, including reducing working hours from 13 hours to 8 hours, and they were also able to eliminate the phenomenon of child labour later.

The Industrial Revolution led to great change during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It had a great impact on technology and improving efficiency in agriculture, mining, transportation, and factories that produce goods, as is the case at the level of military industries, which became more destructive, which is what the world witnessed during the First World War.